Mulching e adubação de liberação controlada em lavoura cafeeira na região do cerrado mineiro

Abstract

Brazilian coffee growing has been developing more and more, mainly in the state of Minas Gerais, which has the largest area and productivity in the country. In view of the development of coffee growing, new technologies are emerging to increase the financial profitability of the crop and reduce the environmental impacts resulting from agricultural exploitation. In this context, mulching has been researched in the coffee culture for contributing to the control of weeds and consequently reducing the use of herbicides in crops. The objective with the accomplishment of this work was to evaluate the phytotechnical parameters of the irrigated coffee, soil temperature and water tension in the soil depending on the use of mulching and controlled release fertilization. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Uberlândia - Campus Monte Carmelo, in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, with the cultivar IPR 100, in a randomized block design with four blocks. Each plot was composed of 10 plants, the 6 central plants being useful. The experiment presented a total of 24 plots and 144 useful plants. The following treatments were tested: T1 - white / black double-sided mulching with conventional fertilizer; T2 - white / black double-sided mulching with controlled-release fertilizer; T3 - silver / black double-sided mulching with conventional fertilizer; T4 - silver / black double-sided mulching with controlled-release fertilizer; T5 - Without mulching with conventional fertilizer; T6 - Without mulching with controlled release fertilizer. Evaluations of growth, chlorophyll content, soil temperature and soil water tension were carried out. There was no difference between treatments for growth parameters, chlorophyll content and soil water tension. However, the use of mulching in the silver color provided an increase in the soil temperature in relation to the other treatments, with an increase of 2.3 ºC; 2.0 ºC and 3.3 ºC, respectively at 08:00, 13:00 and 17:00 hours, in relation to the soil without plastic cover. The soil temperature values in the plots with white / black mulching were intermediate in relation to the mulching of silver color and exposed soil.