Eventos adversos estão relacionados a via de parto?

Abstract

Annually a high number of patients are submitted to the parturition process. The differing types of childbirth have vastly different characteristics. For example, vaginal deliveries have benefits over Cesarean births such as, a much more rapid rate of recovery. Furthermore, the patient suffers less pain during the postpartum period and is discharged from the hospital sooner than with a Cesarean delivery. The patient is also less likely to have a risk of infection.A Cesarean delivery is a surgical delivery, and as in any surgical procedure there are inherent risks involved. Even successful Cesarean deliveries have an increased risk of adverse events. Despite the inherent risks of childbirth by Cesarean, this type of procedure is increasing around the world. Brazil is the second leading country in the world performing Cesarean deliveries. According to a national survey of births performed in Brazil in 2018, 56% were Cesarean. This resulted in an increase of adverse events during childbirth. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of adverse events among women submitted to the parturition process. Descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach, with a retrospective documented procedure. Results: 4,302 puerperal women were included in this study, 2,173 in 2018 and 2,129 in 2019. The data showed a predominance of the age group between 20 and 24 years old (30%); education up to completion of high school, 42% in 2018 and 39% in 2019; mixed race 40% in 2018 and 48% in 2019. Of the total of 4,302 births, 62% were cesarean surgery and 33% vaginal deliveries. In total deliveries, adverse events were reported in 171 patients, of which 123 (71%) suffered an isolated event, 38 (22%) suffered two events, 7 (4%) suffered three events, 3 (1.75%) suffered four events, totaling 232 events reported in 2018. Of this total of 171 mothers, 107 (62%) underwent cesarean surgery; 57 (33%) vaginal delivery, and 7 (4%) operative vaginal delivery. However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the occurrence of an adverse event to the mode of delivery (Chi-square p = 0.07). Conclusion: In the original hypothesis of this study, we expected to find a lower AE index in parturient patients who underwent vaginal deliveries than those who underwent cesarean section. In view of the risks claimed in their literature of a greater frequency of these events in cesarean surgeries, the research resulted in no statistically significant difference.