Hábitos alimentares e experiência de cárie em crianças de alta complexidade: comparação entre atendimento domiciliar e hospitalização

Abstract

Oral health and unbalanced oral microbiota are factors commonly found in bedridden, hospitalized and health-compromised patients, with little data in the literature regarding oral health care for dependent children under in home care or hospitalized. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate eating habits, oral hygiene and the prevalence of caries in children with medical complexity (CMC) treated at home or under hospitalization. The study involved 28 patients aged 4 to 12 years, 14 attended at home and 14 in hospital. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied to parents / guardians about the child's gender, age, medical diagnosis and nutritional information. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI) as well as the Decayed, Lost and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) for permanent and deciduous dentition were used. The data were tabulated using the SPSS program version 18.0. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison between groups, and the contingency coefficient C and Spearman's correlation tests for the analysis of the correlation between the variables, considering the level of significance of 5%. The sample showed significant differences (p <0.05) between the two groups (hospital x home), and patients at home had a predominance of syndromic diagnoses and cerebral palsy (78.6%), in addition to gastrostomy feeding (85 , 7%) and low cariogenic potential (78.6%), diverging from children in the hospital care, where 35,7% had chronic kidney disease, predominance of oral feeding (78.6%) and only 21.4% with low potential cariogenic. Significant correlations (p = 0.0001) were found between the variable dmft with medical diagnosis (chronic kidney and leukemia), solid foods and high cariogenic potential. It was concluded that CMCs cared out at home had lower cariogenic potential and lower dmft values when compared to CMCs under hospitalization and that higher dmft values were correlated with solid food and high cariogenic potential.