Resistência em germoplasma de Cucurbita pepo aos virus ZYMV E SqMV e fenotipagem por meio de imagens

Abstract

The culture of the summer squash (C. pepo) has prominent worldwide, with demand plants for more productive, precocity, disease resistant and good fruit characteristics. For this, new tools are sought by breeders to maximize the selection in large experimental areas in the shortest possible time, and the use of drones proved adequate for this purpose. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the agronomic potential, genetic dissimilarity and validate the use of aerial images obtained by drone to assist in the selection as well as to identifying sources of resistance to the ZYMV and SqMV viruses. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Vegetables of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo campus. Were evaluated 65 summer squash (C. pepo) belonging to the genetic breeding program of pumpkins of the UFU. The variables evaluated were: plant-1 yield, number of plant-1 fruits, leaf temperature, precocity, and leaf area indexes, SPAD, NDVI and NDRE. In addition, 66 other genotypes from the same breeding program were evaluated to identify sources of resistance to ZYMV and SqMV viruses. The inoculations, more severe symptoms were observed, as well as a greater number of susceptible genotypes for the ZYMV virus. The genotypes UFU-C X UFU-A # 18 # 3; 1, UFU-C X UFU-F # 19 # 11; 3, UFU-F # 4 # 9; 1, UFU-D X UFU-F # 7 # 21; 1 and cv. “Emanuella” are an alternative for the production of new cultivars of pumpkin soup or resistant hybrids to ZYMV and SqMV. Regarding imaging phenotyping, it was observed that the germplasm bank analyzed has genetic variability and that the use of image phenotyping from NDVI and NDRE sensors was efficient to identify genotypes with diversity for plant vigor in C. pepo. The index of the sum of ranks of Mulamba and Mock (1978) was considered in this study as the most appropriate criterion for the situation analyzed. This index werw selected the genotypes: Abobrinha 11#1 (8), Abobrinha 62#1 (31), Abobrinha 69#1 (34), Abobrinha 77#1(38), Abobrinha 85#1 (42), UFU-E (64), UFU-B (65), UFU-C (66), PX13067051(67) e UFU-G (68) as the superior genotypes.