Fatores de risco cardiovasculares em caminhoneiros

Abstract

Introduction: The exhausting daily routine, the lack of leisure time and clearances, the absence of predetermined working hours, the risky lifestyle experienced by truckers can favor the installation of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as: the use of psychoactive substances, poor nutrition, long working hours, poor sleep quality, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol use, smoking, stress and excess fat. Objective: To identify and analyze risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among truckers. Methodology: The type of the present study is descriptive, exploratory and quantitative approach. The sample consisted of truckers traveling on the federal road network of the municipality of Uberlandia (MG), in the mesoregion of triangle Miner. The study was carried out on days of the week and alternate times. Questionnaires were applied on socioeconomic data and life habits and the measurement of clinical measures was performed through physical examination (Vital signs, Body Mass Index, Hip Waist Ratio and Hip And Ankle Brachial). Results: We included 235 participants in this study, 100% male; with a mean age of 42 ± 10 years; 43% self-reported white color; 97% had more than 10 years of qualification; average distance per week was equal to 3117 ± 1200 km / week; 79% are more than 10 years in the driving profession; 60% drive more than 12 hours a day; 31% have the trailer in ; 71% of not work with dangerous cargo; 54% have an employment relationship. Regarding lifestyle: 84% reported physical inactivity; 19.6% reported smoking and 47.7% reported alcoholism. The mean BP values were: SBP = 135 ± 19 mmHg and DBP = 84 ± 11 mmHg; 42% had altered ITB values. There was a statistically significant difference between obesity and years of profession (p = 0.000); diabetics and kilometers per week (p = 0.010); hypertensive patients and years of profession (p = 0.000); altered ITB and kilometers rotated per week / working hours (p = 0.040) / (p = 0.043); smoking and working hours p = 0.026; alcohol consumption and days away from home (p = 0.008) and last sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.021) / (p = 0.024) and kilometers rotated per week / working hours. Conclusion: Truckers presented several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which were associated with labor variables. Therefore, it is necessary to develop public health policies aimed at health education programs for this population motivating it to acquire a healthier lifestyle, thus reducing the installation of cardiovascular diseases and improving their quality of life.