Prevalência da cárie dentária e de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte em pacientes com fibrose cística

Abstract

Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are exposed to several factors that can predispose them to dental caries and developmental defects of enamel (DDE). Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to analyze the prevalence of dental caries and DDE, in deciduous and permanent dentitions, in patients with CF and associated factors. Thirty patients of both sexes assisted in the FC Outpatient of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire applied in the form of an interview and the clinical examination performed by a calibrated researcher. Dental caries was evaluated by the dmfs and DMFS indices following the guidelines of the World Health Organization and EDD according to the Modified Index of DDE of the International Dental Federation. The mean age was 11.30 years (± 7.29), 16 (53.3%) female patients and 14 (46.7%) male. The prevalence of dental caries was 60.0%, with average dmfs and DMFS index of 4.2 and 3.68, respectively. There was an association between dental caries and the period of dental follow-up (p=0.0432). The prevalence of DDE in both dentations was 50.0%, 36.8% in deciduous dentition and 56.0% in the permanent, with no statistically significant difference. Hypoplasia was the most observed DDE in deciduous dentitions (55.55%) and in the permanent (48.05%). The most prevalent sites of DDE were vestibular face, 66.66% and 76.62% and the incisal third, 100.0% and 75.32%, in deciduous and permanent dentitions, respectively. In deciduous dentition, the second upper molars (75.0%) were the most affected. In permanent dentition, the most affected teeth were the upper central incisors (25.39%) and lower (12.69%) and the first upper molars (17.46%) and lower (15.87%). There was a significant association of the presence of DDE with sex (p=0.026) and birth weight (p= 0.040). All statistical tests were applied using a significance level of 5%. According to the methodology used and the results found, it was possible to conclude that the prevalence of dental caries and DDE was high in both dentitions and that the factors related to dental caries was the period of dental follow-up and with the DDE age and weight at birth.