Fatores de risco para a incidência de quedas em pacientes hemodialíticos: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduçao: Currently, patient safety is an issue that has been highlighted worldwide, looking back at the quality of care provided in hospitals and other treatment centers. In addition, patients diagnosed with CRD are more prone to situations that can cause health and life-threatening damage, by dependence on life-long hemodialysis treatment or until a kidney transplant is performed. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the scientific production in relation to the prevalence and correlated factors for the increase of the occurrence of falls of patients in hemodialysis treatment and the possible strategies for preventing cases and certifying patient safety. Methodology: The study is an integrative review (RI) of the literature using the methodological resources proposed by Ganong (1987) and Beya and Nicoll (1998). Criteria were adopted for the achievement of RI, only related articles were considered that answered the guiding question, descriptors were used with the presence of boleano in searches in Medline/PubMed databases, LILASC, SCOPUS and Web of Science. In addition, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included, with a summary and a full version available and with a limit of five years of publication. Results: As a result, 30716 articles were found in Medline/PubMed, 1366 in LILASC, 315 in the SCOPUS database and 19147 articles in Web Of Science. Of these, ten articles were selected in full by Medline/PubMed, only one article by LILASC, three articles by Web of Science and no article found in full by SCOPUS that met the selection criteria. In addition, the selected articles were organized by the level of evidence (I, II, III, IV, V and VI) and bycategories. The main factors contributing to falls are age, diabetes, blood pressure fluctuation, sedative and narcotic medications, stroke, depression and others. The safety of patients in these locations is essential, since they go to DRC treatments in search of a better quality of life. The elaboration of strategies by nurses are of fundamental importance to reduce the cases of occurrences, as record of food and water intake, blood pressure control and glycemic, presence of bruises and other important ones. Conclusion: It is concluded that, the national scientific production on the subject was not considerable, and it is important to carry out more research for the creation of strategies in order to increase patient safety. The presence of multidisciplinary teams is necessary to work together to ensure that hemodialysis patients are safe and, consequently, the number of falls in hospitals and clinics will decrease.