A formação inicial de professores a distância no Brasil: os contornos e trajetórias do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil na região do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba no período de 2013 a 2018

Abstract

The present study titled ―The initial formation of Open and Distance Learning teachers in Brazil: the surroundings and paths of Open University of Brazil System in Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba from 2013 to 2018‖, was performed at the postgraduate program on education at Uberlandia federal University, at the research line ―State, Policies and Education Management‖, which had a goal of understanding ―which surroundings and paths of UAB imbricated in current regulation for EAD in Brazil at TMAP region from 2013 to 2018?‖. Educational policies in Brazil wore based on several factors: acceleration of globalization, the capitalist crisis of 1970, the communication and information technologies development and the adoption of a neoliberal agenda. It is an applied qualitative approach. It was performed a bibliographic research exploring works about Open and distance Learning education, Open University of Brazil, teachers formation educations policies, neoliberalism and education. On the empirical research, it has been interviewed seven pole coordinators and two coordinators UAB of IES working at TMAP region. It has used the historical dialectical materialism and the triangulation data technique to analyze and compare of information. Were analyzed the main laws that deals with distance education and teachers formation in Brazil, as well a research on Capes Thesis Catalog about thesis who dealt about formation of distance teachers policy. The educational policies in Brazil wore greatly influenced by the neoliberal agenda and by the proposition of international organizations, since the LDB in 1996, intensifying on discussed period. Those laws on reality will not be translated on benefits by public IES and region poles of UAB. It was noticed that the UAB gone through a growing process on its early years suffering a shrinking over MEC. There was an increase of precariousness and intensification of work. During the analyzed period, had a huge increase of volume of law publications, ordinances, decrees about Open and distance Learning education and UAB but, on reality it couldn‘t be translated as benefits realized on visited poles. Neoliberal education policies wore considered intense on FHC government (1995-2002), milder during Lula and Dilma governments (2002-2016) and ultra-liberal on Temer‘s government (2016-2018) and Bolsonaro (2019-onwards), with attacks on public higher education, as well as the democracy within IES. On this scenario, the respondents wore unison regarding the poor financial and uncertainty of continuity from UAB. Thus, teachers formations for basic education has assumed a characteristic of being mostly private and at distance, becoming into a commercialization process, which should intensify by the laws from 2017. On the one hand is an imminent demise situation, in another hand, it can be at the same time become an important tool of the neoliberal state using it to lower teachers education cost, holding off more from education as promoter of social justice and approaching it to commodity education. Key words: Teacher education, distance education, Open University of Brazil.