Distribuição qualitativa e quantitativa de fitonematoides em lavoura cafeeira

Abstract

Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world, and high yields require high investments, and in this pursuit of crops come up against factors limiting productivity. One factor to be highlighted is phytonematoids, organisms that colonize the host plant root system, absorbing nutrients for its development and reproduction, causing losses and resulting in reduced productivity. Precision agriculture is a tool used to assist decision making in crop management. With the objective of this work, the identification of nematode species present in the area and construction of the spatial distribution map. Performed at Mandaguari Farm in the municipality of Indianópolis/MG, soil sampling followed the sample grid. The composite samples were taken to the Laboratory of Agricultural Nematology, extracting the nematodes according to the sucrose centrifugal flotation technique developed by Jenkins (1964), and after counting in the Peters chamber. The obtained data were annotated in Excel spreadsheet, generating the ordinary kriging interpolation, resulting in the nematode spatial distribution map of the area. The nematode identified in the laboratory was the species Meloidogyne exigua present in the area. The economic damage threshold of 150 nematodes / 150 cm³ of soil was not reached in the studied area and monitoring should be performed. From the obtained data, it was possible to construct the spatial and qualitative distribution map of phytonematoids in the crop, identifying the management zones, according to the nematode population.