Efeitos da fisioterapia aquática em pacientes portadores de Síndrome de Down: Uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) occurs by trisomy of chromosome 21, generating a regulatory imbalance that these genes exert on individuals and subsequently generates the same characteristics and peculiar affections of these individuals. The main physical characteristics that these patients present are ligament laxity, shorter neck, generalized hypotonia in the musculature and even cardiorespiratory problems. These individuals also have a delay in neuropsychomotor development (DNPM) as well as some other difficulties in social relationships. The performance of Aquatic Physiotherapy (AF) together with the benefits of the physical principles of water, guarantee the therapeutic effects necessary for neurological rehabilitation such as normalization of tonicity, improvement in sensitivity, notion of body, spatial scheme and proprioception, facilitating correction reactions of antalgic postures and the acquisition of motor skills, promoting support and assistance in the development of movement coordination and facilitating balance and protection, when associated with appropriate techniques of this specialty. We found 4 most cited methods, Bad Ragaz Ring Method: patient is treated with floats and in a horizontal position; Halliwick Method: The therapist should address 10 treatment points and 3 phases of individual application. Aquatic Pilates Method: Addressing 6 principles of application, their movements must be respected and analyzed for greater effectiveness and Watsu Method: Harmonic, smooth, bonded movements, and the patient remains relaxed. Methodology: Systematic, descriptive study based on scientific articles searched on national and international digital platforms and libraries. Results: A total of 10 eligible studies were found. The most cited results were: increased muscle strength, modulation of muscle tone, gain in balance and proprioception, improvement in DNPM and sensory, beneficial cardiorespiratory effects. Conclusion: Rehabilitation in DS in AF is effective, with numerous beneficial effects on individuals, shows a reduction in the negative effects generated by the syndrome and a better quality of life. AF is a specialty that is safe to treat and may be a good strategy to address.