Análise da fertilidade dos solos no município de Monte Carmelo - MG

Abstract

Knowledge of the agricultural and environmental aptitude of a region can determine the guidelines for the development of a region. Monte Carmelo is a city that currently suffers from the extinction of numerous ceramics that existed in the region, but still has a very large agricultural appeal, mainly due to the presence of coffee and eucalyptus plantations. It also has many areas of family farmers and degraded pastures that are not properly inserted in the agricultural market. The knowledge of soil fertility and some soil chemical attributes of the municipality of Monte Carmelo - MG, can direct studies to develop agricultural aptitude and map the various uses and occupations of the municipality, being useful for regional rural development, serving as support for public policies and entrepreneurship. There are several perspectives for the interconnection of areas within Brazilian agribusiness, among them it has been observed that the union of soil sampling techniques with remote sensing tools and modeling can contribute to improved interpretation and decision making. The objective of this study was to collect soils from the municipality of Monte Carmelo-MG and to generate maps of soil chemical attributes and through remote sensing techniques to identify different uses and occupations and to correlate soil fertility and to verify if it is possible to obtain calculated indexes. Satellite images were used as a tool to identify different uses and occupations and in each identified use to obtain soil samples georeferenced to collect soils and with the results to determine calculated indexes of fertility correlation with the use and occupation of soils. Selected uses and occupations were grouped as cereal crops, areas of native and cerrado forests, forest crops (Eucalyptus and Mahogany), pastures, coffee plantations and various crops (avocado, tomato, papaya, banana, cassava and sugar cane). These crops were grouped according to being observed in less number of areas with the same use, but their maintenance becomes important because it shows that there is presence in the area sampled. For the most representative uses, a minimum of 30 soil samples georeferenced in the municipality were selected. This study will serve as a framework for satellite monitoring of the region and may be monitored over the years to see if there will be impacts on the agricultural areas of the municipality.