A reestruturação produtiva e seus impactos sobre as necessidades de qualificação da mão-de-obra - o caso da indústria têxtil brasileira

Abstract

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the degree of diffusion of technological and organizational innovations in the national textile industry, and their impacts on the qualification needs of the manufacturing workforce. From the results obtained, both through secondary data and through primary research conducted through questionnaires and interviews with leaders of industries considered representative of the spinning and weaving segments of the state of São Paulo, it can be verified that there were 1990s a major concern with modernization, with larger or niche companies promoting broader modernization and smaller companies opting for modernization partial. However, it was found that this modernization was defensive, restricting itself to the incorporation of equipment considered important to achieve higher quality and productivity, not being observed in companies the concern of a wide incorporation of technical progress in production processes. It was also observed that there was a prevalence of the adoption of technological innovations over organizational ones, demonstrating that it is possible to combine technological transformations without major changes in management methods, provided that this combination proves to be profitable and meets the social logic of the capitalist mode of production. increase the value added. Regarding the reflexes of these changes on the desirable qualification requirements of the factory workforce, it was observed that they were small. The few cases of vertical task reorganization, the tendency to outsource more complex tasks, the slight changes in schooling and training requirements, and the incipient changes in other attributes considered essential for this workforce only reaffirm this conclusion. However, it was found that the situations of joining the operation and maintenance tasks in the same job show that this path can be different, towards a more enriching job, which in fact requires a polyvalent and qualified worker. Thus, it is possible to observe that in the coming years important changes may occur in these qualification requirements of the textile workforce, as the process of productive modernization intensifies.