Doença renal crônica na formação do técnico em enfermagem: avaliação de uma intervenção de um projeto de extensão

Abstract

Introduction: one of the chronic non-communicable diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem. Objective: to evaluate an intervention of an extension project on the production of knowledge about chronic kidney disease (CKD) on vocational training of students of nursing technical course. Method: transversal study, analytical, descriptive-exploratory intervention type, with a quantitative approach, carried out in three schools of nursing technical course. A public institution were selected and two private, totaling 97 students between all periods of training, in the months of March to September 2018. The project was developed in two stages, in which we used as methodology lectures in lecture format and an instrument composed of closed questions with sociodemographic variables and specific to chronic kidney disease, applied before and After the lecture. We included students older than 18 years and excluded those who dropped out before completion of the project, as well as those who filled less than 80% of the questionnaire in two phases of implementation. For statistical analysis we used the tests of normality, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Liliefors, McNemar, Wilcoxon test for paired data, Spearman tests and Student's t-test for the correlations, Anova and Tukey test. Results: in the sample prevailed the female (87%), average of 25 years of age, students of private schools (76%), students of the 1st period (57.4%) and no other technical training (81.4%). With respect to the assessment of knowledge, the pre-test presented mean values and standard deviation of ± 75.54 11.01, median 77.78 and fluctuated from 44.44 to 100.00. The post-test averaged and standard deviation of ± 87.00 10.20, median 88.89 and fluctuated from 61.11 to 100.00. It was observed that there was improvement in the knowledge of the students after the intervention held, considering the increase of hits of the questions of the test, when compared with the pretest post-test, with approximately 11% increase in the total score. Among the items that showed behavior change in a positive way on the answers, the questions related to kidney disease with few factors: water intake, the possibility of reversal of the disease, diabetes and hypertension as major causes of CKD, under hemodialysis treatment and kidney transplant. Final thoughts: the research allowed to observe an increase in the level of knowledge of students on the theme of the CKD, revealing positive results of actions extensionists, reaffirming the benefits produced by the inseparability between research, teaching and extension in the construction of knowledge. It is considered essential to the insertion of this theme in the curriculum of technical training in nursing.