Estudo comparativo entre lajes maciças e nervuradas unidirecionais e bidirecionais de concreto armado

Abstract

This work has the purpose of dimensioning and analyzing comparatively a solid slab building and unidirectional and bidirectional ribbed slabs in reinforced concrete. Nowadays, the engineer has a large number of structural systems allied to new calculation tools, such as computer programs, which helps in greater precision and speed of the structural analysis process. It is up to the engineer to make the proper use of these tools at his disposal, choosing the most appropriate option of the structural system, reconciling the architectural and constructive particularities, ensuring safety and economy. First, it is displayed the basic concepts on the subject, the structural systems adopted, describing its main characteristics, the software used, addressing the criteria of projects, conception and definition of structural elements. Then, with the aid of the software CAD TQS, were compared load distributions on the slab and throughout the building, consumption of materials (concrete, forms and steel) and the displacements on slabs and beams. After the comparative analysis of each structural system, it was concluded that the two-way latticed slab with ceramic block filler was the one that most approached the distribution of loads of the solid slab. In terms of consumption of materials, concrete and forms, the corrugated slab with a rectangular section is the one closest to the massive slab. The unidirectional slab has a consumption of steel close to the consumption of the massive slab. However, in economic matters, the slabs that behave like a massive slab are not the best. The cost of the materials, concrete, forms and steel, which were not analyzed, must also be fundamental in the choice of slab. Thus, a result and a way of making comparisons between construction systems were presented.