Infecções de corrente sanguínea por bacilos Gram-negativos multirresistentes em UTI de adultos mista de um hospital terciário de ensino no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSI) represent a major threat for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and a challenge in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries such as Brazil, especially due to the expressive participation of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Objective: In this context, the aim of this study was determine the risk factors associated with mortality and the identification of first-episode cases of BSI due to multi-resistant or antimicrobial susceptible Gram-negative microorganisms. Methods: The study consisted in an observational, cohort-type study conducted at the Intensive Care Unit of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, from January 2012 to December 2014. Results: A total of 238 patients presented their first BSI episode in the ICU, and 110 (42.6%) were caused by GNB. Of the 110 patients who developed a first BSI episode in the ICU, most were male (74.6%), with a mean age of 55.5 years and an average hospitalization time of 15.78 days. A total of 70.0% of these patients were immunosuppressed and 36.7% developed septic shock. Most of the patients included in the cohort underwent invasive procedures and antimicrobial therapy (98,2% and 95,4% respectively). Regarding topography, 70.9% os BSI cases were classified as secondary, located mostly in the respiratory tract. The main detected microorganisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (20.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.1%). Regarding resistance rates, 51.3% were resistant to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, 23.5% displayed resistance to carbapenems and 48.7% of all microorganisms were classified as multiresistant. Regarding risk factors, septic shock was statistically significant as an independent death predictor. Regarding risk factors associated to the use of antimicrobials in BSI, antimicrobial therapy, mainly carbapenems are indicated as inappropriate, due to a statistically significant association. Conclusions: These findings point to the importance of BSI in relation to death evolution, regardless of the length of hospital stay and the severity of hospitalized patients.