Impactos da utilização da Ergonomia na relação homem-ambiente-trabalho e possíveis contribuições para o campo Saúde do trabalhador: estudo em uma indústria alimentícia

Abstract

Article I Introduction: Work exerts social legitimizing sense of man, nourishes and drives capital through the appropriation of labor force. The capital labor relationship constantly changes the organization, conditions, labor relations, and productive processes, as well as propitiate changes in morbidity and mortality profiles, provoking the physiotherapist's actions in Occupational Health (ST) actions. Objective: To map the physiotherapist's performance in Worker's Health based on data available in the category's class council and specialties associations around the theme, as well as to identify the possibilities and challenges of / for action. Method: Qualitative, analytical and descriptive research was done through documentary survey of laws, decrees, norms and resolutions of public domain on ST, analysis of the national curricular guidelines (DCN) of physiotherapy and, research in institutional electronic sites of the federal councils and regional physiotherapy, and associations of physiotherapeutic and multiprofessional specialties. Results: It was evidenced the appointment of the physiotherapist composing the TS program teams in federal legislations. However, it was verified that NCDs are shallow in relation to ST, it presents reduced contents in undergraduate and, little stimulus for postgraduate training in the area, since the low adherence of professionals in the associations of specialties in ST and Work Physiotherapy (FT). Conclusion: Despite the possibilities of acting in the field ST. there are still several challenges. Among them, the (re) orientation of the graduated formation and actions of incentive and divulgation of the FT association were compared as priorities. Article II Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the contributions of Ergonomics to the Worker's Health field, as a tool to analyze processes and work environments. Method: Ergonomic analysis of the work, based on the "Activity Analysis" model, its tools and techniques, supported by the NR-17, an adapted physical-epidemiological questionnaire and a survey of health and safety at work. Results: In the context of the work there are events that go beyond the established tasks, their repercussions depend on the variables coming from the interface environment-work organization, and human-ethnographic characteristics. It requires workers to develop "strategies" to achieve the ultimate goal of their work, collaborating with the development of the productive process, without harming their health. Discussion / Conclusion: The study confirms that rates for musculoskeletal and mental illnesses lead to benefit diagnoses. The transformations in the world of work introduce new health risks, among them ergonomic risks often invisible and difficult to understand to managers and SST professionals. Having the intervention of Ergonomics is essential for the success of OSH actions, since this science has a mastery of techniques and tools that allow a cross-sectional view of the productive context and the health determinants of the Man-Work-Environment relationship.