Identificação de áreas para a implantação de aterro sanitário na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba com a utilização de geotecnologias

Abstract

The growing generation of waste is identified as a difficulty to be faced by society in view of the necessity to establish a sustainable management system of solid waste. The landfill is considered the most appropriate method for urban solid waste disposal in Brazil. However, it is a laborious and complex process that involves a combination of certain environmental, social, economic and technical factors, such as an appropriate definition of a place to install the enterprise. Related to the site destined characterization with the sanitary landfill, in addition, the basic criteria for enterprise selection are the environmental zoning, which provides a site destined characterization of the sanitary landfill. Therefore, it is proposed in this research to identify the suitable areas for the construction of landfills based in parameters that directly influence in the definition of this enterprise, such as temperature, precipitation, lithology, pedology, geological fractures, vegetation, highways, conservation units, hydric resources, populated area, aerodromes and declivity, corresponding to the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba mesoregion. A hierarchical analysis process using the tool “band math”, implemented in the software ENVI 5.1, generated the final spatialization map of the appropriate areas for the sanitary landfills implementation. For this, the maps were adjusted in the same reference system, on a numerical scale (1: 250,000), according to the quality of the primary data. To calculate the variables used, the AHP calculator function was used, and seven spreadsheets were filled by 7 professionals from different areas of knowledge in order to avoid interferences related to professional training. However, only two worksheets obtained satisfactory results, presenting a consistency ratio of 0.094 and 0.098. Therefore, two thematic maps were generated corresponding to the two consistent worksheets. Each thematic map was divided into five proficiency levels for the implementation of sanitary landfill: 1 - poorly adequate; 2 - not adequate; 3 - suitable; 4 - very suitable and 5 - strongly adequate. As a result, respective aptitude areas of 27%, 35%, 22%, 11%, and 5% were obtained. These percentages refer to the total area of the aforementioned mesoregion, showing that 2.6 million hectares (39%) are areas classified in classes 3, 4 and 5 for landfill.