Fungos promotores do crescimento do feijoeiro, micorriza arbuscular e atributos bioquímicos do solo

Abstract

The search for increased plant productivity usually results in the use of mined or synthetic agricultural inputs, which can cause deleterious effects on ecological processes and biogeochemistry cycles. In this scenario, research on biological alternatives to improve plant growth is important for improving environmental quality in agricultural activities. An important group of beneficial microorganisms are plant growth promoting endophytic fungi, which can act by regulation of phytohormone synthesis, induction of the plant defense system or control by pathogenesis against pests and diseases. However, little is known about the effect of the application of these fungi on biological processes and on soil fertility. Thus, the effects of five fungal isolates (Beauveria bassiana; Trichoderma asperellum; Metarhizium anisopliae; Purpureocillium lilacinum; Pochonia chlamydosporia) on soil chemical parameters, plant tissue variables and biological parameters were investigated. It was hypothesized that these fungi may stimulate the microbiota and fertility attributes of the rhizosphere, resulting in improvements to plant growth. The use of endophytic fungi tested, isolated or in a consortium, potentiated the mycorrhizal colonization and FDA activity, besides reflecting on soil fertility (CTC and magnesium indices), dry and fresh root system mass, dry mass aerial, on the other hand, the results for the activity of the enzymes acid phosphatase, arilsultaphase and β- glycosidase, did not present significant results. Biological alternatives to mineral and synthetic inputs may support practices and management that stimulate ecological balance in the soil, improving natural functions and environmental quality in food production. This work demonstrates the versatility presented by the studied fungal isolates, besides presenting numerous lines of research potentially applicable in order to advance in this scenario of microorganisms used in agricultural activities.