Estudo químico e avaliação biológica da Banisteriopsis malifolia (Ness & Mart) B. Gates (Malpighiaceae)

Abstract

Banisteriopsis malifolia (Ness & Mart.) B. Gates known as “flor–do-dia” or “rama-de-moço” belongs to the family Malpighiaceae and to the genus Banisteriopsis. This genus is rich in biologically active metabolites and presents important pharmacological activities. The objective of this work was study the seasonal chemical composition of the leaves essential oil, extracts and partitions of B. malifolia as well as the biological evaluation. The seasonal chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major compounds identified in the essential oil of the dry period (PS) were: Fitol (15.80%), (Z) -hex-3-enol (17.99%), Hexahydrofarnesyl-acetone (9.39%), palmitic acid (10.62%) and Hexatriacontane (18.43%). For the rainy season (PC), Fitol (52.70%) and (Z)-hex-3-enol (26.22%) were identified. The PC oil showed moderate activity against all bacterial bacteria tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 and 400 μg mL-1. And the PS oil showed moderate to weak activity only for the aerobic bacteria S. mitis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and for the anaerobic bacterium A. naeslundii (MIC = 400 μg mL-1). The oils did not present significant activity against Candida type yeasts at the concentrations tested. The results of enzymatic inhibition were not satisfactory. The seasonal study of the oils, extracts and partitons contributed to the knowledge to the genus and reveled changes in chemical composition, quantity and biological evaluation. The extracts and partitions presented moderate antibacterial activity for the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria tested. The ethyl acetate partition showed the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50) with 195.5 ± 0.12 μg mL-1 for the activity antileishmania and high cytotoxicity for the Vero Cell cytotoxic concentration (CC50 84.15 ± 0.03 μg mL-1). It was observed that the more polar samples had better antifungal activities, especially the ethyl acetate partition (MICs between 93.75 and 11.72 μg mL-1). The ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate and residual aqueous partitions showed high antioxidant activity with efficient concentration (EC50 5.82 ± 0.18, 2.91 ± 0.02, 3.64 ± 0.10 μg mL-1, respectively) in the DPPH radical sacavenging. The aqueous residual partition was the one that showed more active and was submitted to analysis of high efficiency liquid chromatography coupled to electron spray ionization mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS-ESI), in which the phenolic compounds quinic acid; (epi)-catechin; 3-O-β-galactopyranosylquercetin; routine; luteolin-4'-O-rhamnosyl (1→2) glycoside; isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and dimer (epi)-catechin-(epi)-catechin justifying good antioxidant activity. All of these compounds were identified for the first time in the specie. Nevertheless, the compounds luteolin-4'-O-rhamnosyl (1→2) glycoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were found only in this species within the genus Banisteriopsis. In this way, this study contributed to the chemical and biological knowledge of B. malifolia.