Perfil epidemiológico e evolução clínica dos portadores de miocardiopatia dilatada acompanhados no serviço de cardiologia pediátrica de referência regional

Abstract

Introduction: The dilated form of cardiomyopathies is the most common clinical picture in childhood, showing high morbidity and mortality and is a frequent indication of cardiac transplantations. Prognosis is improving with early diagnosis and treatment. However, even today, knowledge of the epidemiological profile is poor and limited. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) diagnosticated between 0-12 years and to compare data of survivors and non-survivors patients. Method: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records of patients with DCM treated between 2005-2015. A descriptive analysis of ages, sexes, weights, body surfaces, family histories, clinical presentations, echocardiographic diagnostic data: systolic and diastolic diameters of the left ventricle, ejection fractions and shortening were carried out. The Student's t-test was applied to compare the paired variables with normal distribution and the test of the medians undertaken in the variables related to death and non-death, considering significant p < 0.05 values. Results: 40 patients were included with a mean age of 3.3 years, 65% were females and 52.5% in the first year of life. Heart failure predominated (80%). From 72.5% of survivors, 60% normalized cardiac function in 1.18 years, with partial recovery in 12.5%. Among 22.5% non-survivors, 17.5% died for DCM, 5% for extracardiac cause and the follow-up was lost in 5%. The final systolic diameter was significantly lower in the surviving group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study it was possible to know the main epidemiological factors related to the evolution of DCM in childhoods. Improve the diagnosis and stratification of risk seeking new therapeutic options are necessary in the management of this disease.