Ensino Profissional na Primeira República: representações manifestas na Revista do Ensino de Minas Geraes (1925 a 1930)

Abstract

The subject studied in this work is in the research line of History and Historiography of Education. The historical period of interest dates from 1925 to 1930, in the First Republic, the sources of research are magazines Revistas do Ensino de Minas Geraes that have been read for this study are of that time, and the object of study is the representations of the vocational education in this pedagogical press. The general objectives of this work are to analyze the intentionality of the Teaching Magazine when printing in their essays, opinion articles and discourses about vocational education, as well as to ascertain the forms of representations published in the Magazine that deal with this teaching directed to the teaching public The specific objectives are: To identify the value of the work in the texts of the Magazine; To examine the meaning of "Slödj", published in the Magazine; To identify out how either male or female vocational education was mentioned in the statements of this periodical; To identify whether vocational education had French influence, and whether the Magazine addresses on industrial education or not; To verify how vocational education was structured in Minas Gerais, according to the Magazine, and its importance; To understand why the authors of this work would defend the manual of work, to the detriment of intellectual work. In order to reach these objectives, historiographical reading and subsequent documentary analysis of the 52 issues of the Magazine published between 1925 and 1930 were carried out, and a qualitative approach was taken in the bibliographic research on the subject. The theoretical-methodological procedure involves the historical-dialectical perspective, to interpret the object of study from the historical processes in both the state and country. The analyses of the selected statements have been organized from five points or categories of analyses. For this research, despite the texts in this Magazine defend the term education, we must consider that there was actually no education process in the sense of educere, for a preparation of reflective students, but in a sense of educatio, more concerned with professional instruction, in order to conform them. The results showed that the intentionality of the manifest statements in this pedagogical form was the advice of teachers, trying to convince them that vocational education was significant to strengthen the newly created Republic, the same being the first factor of public wealth. Through it, work would civilize the students, and make them patriotic, but in fact, molded them through discipline. Thus, in the pages of this pedagogical press, it was identified that the intended professional instruction, aimed at the disciplinarization of masters, students and society. An exortative tone was detected directed to the teachers in the representations that dealt with the professional education. It was observed that they defended the value of labor and the training of workers, and that perhaps the view of this form was that vocational education represented the formation of republican, patriotic citizens who preserved civic, orderly and disciplined values, because all this discipline exercised through the work that would result in national progress in the First Republic.