Estudo anatômico dos músculos do membro torácico de javalis (sus scrofa sp.)

Abstract

The wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) is an exotic species present in Brazil. The study of its muscular anatomy is important, because it allows the understanding of the locomotor and evolutionary aspects, besides the improvement of surgical techniques used by veterinarians in swine. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the morphology and disposition (location, origin and insertion) of the shoulder and arm muscles of wild boars. Twelve young specimens of hybrid wild boars, six males and six females, donated by IBAMA-SP, were fixed and dissected following usual anatomy techniques. The bones of two specimens were prepared in order to analyze the fixation points of the muscles. The shoulder muscles presented fixation at the scapula and humerus, in distinct bone accidents, and were divided in lateral and medial faces. On the lateral face, the deltoid (divided in acromial and scapular parts), supraspinatus, infraspinatus (divided into cranial and caudal parts) and small round muscle (deep into the caudal part of the infraspinatus) were found. In the medial face, the subscapular, coracobrachialis and large round muscle were observed. The arm muscles were arranged essentially around the humerus and were seen largely on their medial face, namely the biceps brachii (originated by a single tendon), brachialis, tensor fasciae antebrachii (fused with the long head of the triceps brachii), triceps brachii (divided into lateral, long and medial heads) and anconeus (located mostly on the lateral side) muscles. Thus, it can be concluded that the boar presented seven muscles in the shoulder region and six muscles in the arm region, all with morphological similarities to domestic and some wild animals. And, also, some differences that were, for the most part, in the shape, division and fixation points of certain muscles.