Relação entre os indicadores de rentabilidade e liquidez dos bancos dos EUA e Brasil

Abstract

In order to evaluate the relationship between profitability and liquidity indicators of Brazilian and USA banks, a sample was used with 21 Brazilian banks and 369 USA banks, categorized according to their size. The period of analysis was from 2009 to 2016, the indicators used were those proposed by Assaf Neto (2015) and the correlation test applied was the non-parametric Spearman, in addition to complementary tests. The main results indicate that the more resources from demand deposits applied to net resources, the smaller the returns tend to be. In addition, an uncomfortable relationship of lending to deposits tends to increase financing costs and reduce profitability; a greater participation of own working capital in the asset is related to lower interest liabilities and administrative expenses and, therefore, to higher margins and returns. Finally, despite having a positive relationship with borrowing costs and passive interest rates, the increase in the percentage of loan operations tends to increase profitability, margins and returns. It is noteworthy that, although the Brazilian and USA banking markets are quite different, the correlations between the indicators do not present contradictions. In addition, the size of financial institutions has had more visible effects on the correlations of Brazilian banks than on US banks.