Juventude e formação profissional a partir da reestruturação produtiva do capital no século XX: uma análise sobre o Programa Jovem Aprendiz da cidade de Monte Carmelo (2016 - 2018)

Abstract

The present work is relative to the Master’s dissertation inserted in the research line “Work, Society and Education”, of the Post-Graduate Program in Education from Federal University of Uberlândia. This study intends to understand the objectives and the elaboration context of the Program “Jovem Aprendiz” (“Young Apprentice” Program): public policy of the first job. This program is regulated by the Apprenticeship Law (10.097/2000) to attend low-income young people between 14 and 24 years old, offering them professional and technical training and a preparation for the labor market. The specific aim was to comprehend the implementation and the accomplishment of the program in Monte Carmelo Municipality, Minas Gerais State. The Apprenticeship Law was created in 2000, but the first recruitments of apprentices solely occurred in 2016 in Monte Carmelo. The study object was analyzed as from the conflicts between capital and labor, based on the Karl Marx’s precepts: class struggle and contradiction. Bibliographic and documental survey was carried out in order to apprehend the context of the law elaboration and its specificities and to recognize the recipients of the law and their formation within the ambit of the program. Implementation and accomplishment of the program were evaluated through semi-structured interviews. The results reinforce the hypothesis that the program contradicts itself in its own essence, since the assurance of employability is attributed to the individual, limiting the social inclusion. The professional formation is committed to the market interests and it does not contribute to the emancipation of the working-class youth, legitimizing the historical division between intellectual and manual activities. In Monte Carmelo, the young people identify the program implementation as a social problem, and as an opportunity of social ascension. On the other hand, for the employers and companies, the program represents unnecessary costs, but whose effects are attenuated by the social visibility due to the law enforcement. In conclusion, it is necessary to discuss consistently the orientation of public policies for the working-class youth specificities, considering them as subjects of rights.