Perfil epidemiológico da dengue e seus determinantes no município de Uberlândia nos anos de 2011 a 2015

Abstract

Dengue is one of the major diseases of public health importance in Brazil, as well as in Uberlândia / MG. In 2016 approximately 9,328 probable cases of the disease occurred in the municipality with the occurrence of two deaths, which makes the study of this subject relevant. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to understand the epidemiological profile of dengue in the city of Uberlândia / MG and its determinants and conditioning factors, from 2011 to 2015, in order to contribute to the reduction of its morbidity and mortality. For this, a retrospective epidemiological study was carried out using the secondary data from the Compulsory Notification Aggravation Information System (SINAN), the information system of the Yellow Fever and Dengue Control Program (PCFAD), the National Program Information System Dengue and the Rapid Survey of Indices for A. aegypti (LIRAa).The notifications for epidemiological weeks, month, age, sex, education, breed, rates of infestation, type of preferential deposits of the vector, number of endemic control agents and percentage of coverage of home visits were surveyed. For the spatial analysis of the cases and geoprocessing the Geographic Information Systems (SIG) was used. The analysis data it was verified that the cases of dengue are concentrated between the epidemiological weeks 16 and 22 and between the months of February and May. The highest incidence coefficients were in 2013 and 2015. The most affected age group was between 20 and 49 years old and predominated female with 55.07%. The most affected breed was white. Regarding schooling, more than 60% of the cases were ignored or blank. About classification, most cases were classified as classic dengue and evolved to cure. The percentage of bimonthly home visits was lower than expected, and the year 2015 had the worst result (42.37%). The average number of endemic agents needed to perform the control actions in 2015 had a deficit of 83 agents. As for the Infestation Index (IIP), it was observed that in all the surveys the municipality was classified as an alert level, except for March 2015, the IIP found was 6.20% (risk situation). The predominant deposits were mobile deposits (B) and fixed deposits (C). The disease was present in all the districts analyzed with concentrations of the most relevant cases in the Santa Mônica, São Jorge and Morumbi districts. Faced with situation, it can be concluded that dengue in Uberlândia is not determined by a single and isolated factor, but rather by the combination of several factors such as precipitation and temperature that favor the life cycle of the vector and problems of the municipal dengue program. In addition, the behavior of the population with inadequate waste disposal habits in backyards and vacant lots, together with the accumulation of water in pots of plants, refrigerator deposits, water boxes and gutters contribute to the occurrence of the disease. Through the geoprocessing tool, it was also possible show the locations of the highest concentrations of the disease cases in the neighborhoods, and provide subsidies for the planning of strategies to control dengue in priority areas, which may be more economical and effective.