Estado e emancipação em Karl Heinrich Marx

Abstract

This work aims to elucidate the issue of emancipation as a fundamental problem of Marxian thought, and which, in addition to contributing significantly to the political agenda from a philosophical perspective, presents itself as a milestone in the construction of the philosophy of Karl Heinrich Marx, because it shows the rupture and overcoming with the predecessor thinkers, especially with the German philosopher Friedrich Hegel. The research will be based on an analytical methodology of the bibliographical reference of Marx and the Marxist tradition, in order to ascertain the theoretical framework of the conception of the Hegelian State, synthesis of the bourgeois Modern State, to clarify, in a second moment, the criticism of Marx about of the idealistic state and to understand the nature and function of the Marxian state, and thus to arrive at the discussion on political and human emancipation. From this trajectory, it aims to make clear how the question of the nature of the State and its political relations constitute essential elements for the problem of emancipation. It is important to retake the discussion about human emancipation and its relations in the light of philosophical debate, to see if it is still possible to realize it as Marx had argued. The problem question that guides the research aims to clarify: if it is possible the human emancipation within the order of regiment of the capitalist system? The hypothesis is that there is no possibility for man to obtain his emancipation in the current system, but the answer to this question will only be possible upon completion of the research. The method that will guide research is Marxian dialectical historical materialism and research focuses on the area of political philosophy.