Atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do fracionamento bioguiado do extrato etanólico do caule e atividade leishmanicida e citotóxica do óleo essencial das folhas da espécie Banisteriopsis oxyclada (A. Juss.) B. Gates

Abstract

Medicinal plants have for many years been the only means of treating diseases on a world scale, knowledge of their therapeutic potential was exclusively popular, but with the innovation and development of studies, many drugs currently used, are plant-based. One of the sources of material for research in this area is the Cerrado, because it has an extensive area of occupation, a rich biodiversity and many endemic species, although this biome is in increasing devastation, being among the 17 most degraded ecosystems in the world. In this context, this work was accomplished in two objectives: the bioguided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the stem of the species Banisteriopsis oxyclada, through the evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities; and the evaluation of the composition, leishimanicidal and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of leaves of the same. Since the present species, popularly known as "silver-lupine", belongs to the Cerrado and presents no study to date. To obtain the ethanolic extract, the stems were dried and ground, the resultant was then subjected to the extraction process with 95% ethanol. The extract was partitioned by means of six solvents with different polarities (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n-butanol, methanol and water). Then the n-butanol and dichloromethane partitions underwent the chromatographic column separation method. All fractions obtained, partitions and extract were subjected to antioxidant and antibacterial activities test. In order to obtain essential oil from leaves of Banisteriopsis oxyclada, these were subjected to extraction by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus for a period of four hours. The essential oil was then collected in a separatory funnel and washed with 3 5.0 mL dichloromethane fractions. The products were dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The separation and identification of the volatile constituents of the essential oils were obtained by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities obtained for the n-Butanol and dichloromethane partitions were shown to be better than some species of the same genus. Most of the constituents found in the composition of the essential oil belong to the class of alcohols and aldehydes. Among them phytol is highlighted due to the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects presented in the literature.