O papel da ICOMI no Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964: agentes e interesses

Abstract

The 1964 civil-military coup would affect all Brazilian society in political, economic and social terms, forcibly removing President João Goulart and establishing a dictatorial government that would prevail for more than two decades. Such a coup was articulated by sectors of the civil-business and military class, financed externally by the United States. Among the entrepreneurs articulating the coup was the founder and owner of the Trade and Mining Industry S / A-ICOMI, Augusto Trajano Azevedo Antunes, one of the largest large-scale enterprises with manganese mining activities in Serra do Navio-AP, whose activities Began in 1950, a period that Amapá was Federal Territory, ruled by Janary Gentil Nunes. Antunes founded the IPES-institute of research and social studies along with other entrepreneurs, who had the objective of spreading news in all the information vehicles against Goulart. At the time the Cold War was being lived, and the terror spread by the United States in relation to the multiplication of the socialist threat. Such panic was manifested in Brazil, among other actions, with the financing of IPES, precisely to remove the government of Jango considered communist by the categories cited. We will analyze the interests of ICOMI and its trajectory of exploitation of manganese ore reserves of Amapá between the decades of 1964 and 1970, during which time the installation of the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil took place. The year 1964 was marked in Brazilian history, as the year of the "revolutionary" civil-military coup, at that time, the world went through a post-war process, the terror caused by the ideological conflict between the United States and the ex -Union Soviet, denominated of Cold War. The main objectives of this monograph are: to identify some of the actors who contributed to ICOMI's work in Amapá; To understand which were the political and economic relations between the US and Brazil in the mentioned period; To analyze if ICOMI had any participation related to these political and economic relations in the period, more specifically with the coup of 1964. The work is organized in two chapters, the first one clarifies the active agents in the movement of ICOMI activities related to the coup , And the second shows the reasons that would trigger the coup, and especially the relationship of a company with activities in Amapá, ICOMI, and the civil-military dictatorship. In this sense, the newspaper O Semanário, A Voz Católica and ICOMI magazine 1st edition / 1964 were fundamental pieces to prove ICOMI's participation in the coup.