O BNDES e a sustentação do setor sucroenergético no Brasil: implicações territoriais no contexto neoliberal e de financeirização

Abstract

This paper proposes to analyze how occurs, in the period after the year 2000, the dynamic of the Brazilian State actions for the viability and support of the sugar-energy sector through the public funding by the BNDES (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social), as well as the territorial implications resulting from this process. Therefore, for an understanding that considers the space totality, we believe that’s necessary an exercise of periodization that deems the technique (objects systems) and the politics (actions systems) in the constitution of a territorial and social dynamics. Four periods of analysis elucidated how the State has always stood out as a central figure for the sector, since the colonial period until the present days, even if his way of acting has changed over time. In the current period, the hegemony of the neoliberal thinking and the centrality of the finances shapes scenarios in the sugarcane sector that are crucial to a greater presence of foreign agents, process widely supported by the State. After the financial crisis of 2008, the sector gained new characteristics in the country, resulted of the insertion of foreign agents and capitals that finds ample financing from BNDES, what implied in spatio-temporal fixes and the expansion of the production in the country. The consequences of this process are the strengthening of the Brazilian situation of dependence and the reaffirmation of his subordinate insertion into the international division of labor, with the prioritization of the remuneration of financial agents and a consequent exploitation of labor and territorial resources.