Emprego setorial, produtividade industrial e crescimento Econômico de longo prazo com mudança estrutural

Abstract

This dissertation aims to integrate the post-keynesian approach to growth driven by exports with the structural change and productivity growth proposal of McMillan and Rodrik (2011) and Rodrik (2013). Therefore, we develop here a dynamic mathematical model that demonstrates the complementarity between these approaches, since the structural changes in favor of industry more than make up the loss of productivity of the service sector and agriculture, enhancing the longterm growth. Computer simulations presented here help understand the long-term dynamics of the proposed model and the effects of structural change on the evolution of per capita output of an economy. The model here proposed points that the long term per capita growth of the domestic economy depends on the real exchange rate, on the variation of the labor productivity of the productive sectors, variation of the employment share between sectors, labor productivity variation of the productive sectors, on the share of employment across sectors, on income from the rest of the world and the growth rate of wages. Presented computer simulations helps to understand the long term dynamics of the proposed model and the structural change effects on the evolution of output per capita of the Brazilian economy, as well as estimating hypothetical situations.It is observed, for Brazilian economy, that the country achieved a perverse productive specialization in the last five decades, where the industrial sector (with both high labor productivity and income elasticity of demand) lost power, as well as the primary sector. This fact gave rise to a large traditional service sector (with low labor productivity). This specialization has meant that the country had great restraint in the growth of productivity, negatively affecting their economic growth and development.