Degradação da matéria orgânica presente em chorume de aterro sanitário e de ciprofloxacino por processos de oxidação avançada

Abstract

In this work the influence of the landfill leachate composition on the mineralization of the organic matter by photo-Fenton process was evaluated. Firstly, the coagulation-flocculation processes were evaluated, being compared the use of two coagulant (FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3) and determined the better concentration of coagulant ion at pH 3, by monitoring of the removal of color, turbidity and dissolved organic carbon. The concentration of 240 mg L-1 Fe3+ was choosing as the best condition, and 60% and 80% of color and turbidity removal were reached, respectively. On the other hand, only 11% of dissolved organic carbon removal was obtained. So, is required a coupling with a second treatment aiming the mineralization. In this context, the photo-Fenton was applied as a treatment isolated or integrated to the coagulation-flocculation processes, aiming the mineralization of the organic matter. The influence of Fe2+ concentration (50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) on the efficiency of mineralization by isolated photo-Fenton process was evaluated, being determined 100 mg L-1 Fe2+ as the best condition. After, the role of the composition of sanitary landfill leachate on the mineralization by photo-Fenton process was evaluated. The composition of the matrix (turbidity and color, as well as presence of inorganic ions sulfate and chloride) does not reduce the efficiency of mineralization by photo-Fenton reactions, but influences significantly the reaction time and consumption of H2O2. Therefore, the best protocol is the pre-treatment of this effluent by coagulation-flocculation (removal of color and turbidity) before the photo-Fenton, since a similar efficiency of mineralization (73 ± 3%) was achieved using only 17% of the time and 7% of H2O2 necessary to the treatment of raw leachate treatment. In addition, experiments were carried out evaluating different processes (UV, H2O2/UV, Fe3+/UV, Fe2+/UV, Fe3+/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2, Fe3+/H2O2/UV, Fe2+/H2O2/ UV and TiO2/UV) and different radiation sources of the same power – 8W (germicidal lamp - UVC and black light lamp - UVA), in the degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. It was observed that the ciprofloxacin degradation was strongly influenced by the radiation source and pH used. Among the processes evaluated, the heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/UVA or UVC) and photo-Fenton process (Fe2 +/H2O2/UVC or Fe2 +/H2O2/UVA) showed the best results of ciprofloxacin degradation, since its concentration was below the quantification limit of equipment (0.12 mg L-1) after 10 min of treatment. Added to this, during the ciprofloxacin degradation by Fe3+/H2O2/UV were identified by LC-QTOF-MS/MS, three transformation products, one of them not yet reported in the literature. Finally, it was observed that the Fe2+/H2O2/TiO2 and TiO2/UVC were the most effective for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.