Considerações teóricas sobre a psicanálise freudiana: da metapsicologia aos textos sociais

Abstract

The present study had the objective of tracking concepts in the works of Freud by verifying in which measure there could be indications of theoretical relation between Freud s meta-psychology (1915-1917) and his social texts (1913 [1912], 1921, 1927, 1930 [1929]), particularly concerning the relation between pulsion of death and the malaise in civilization (1930 [1929]), work in which Freud reveals his pessimism regarding the future of civilization. Our initial assumption for this study was that when of the production of the meta-psychological texts, even if it was unplanned, Freud had already a consistent concern with the future of civilization and that when he applied the interpretative method to the questions relating to the culture, he extended the reading of the social without, however, intending to establish his own sociology. This study intended, initially, to be only a bibliographical research and as I used the semiotic method by taking Freud s work as a speech, it opened new perspectives of analysis of the objectives. Special attention was dedicated to the concepts of identification, pulsion of death and sublimation, which lead to the understanding of both individual and social psychology. It has not been found, in this analysis, any consistent or strong indication of the pretense articulation of the meta-psychological texts (1915-1917) with the social texts of Freud, but it can be affirmed that Freud s analysis route began from the individual to the social by applying the concepts and findings of the Psychoanalysis to a wider reality than the one of normality duality X pathology, extending and making it possible new readings of the civilization. The concept of pulsion of death helps to explain the malaise in the civilization and, the psychoanalytic-meta-psychology continues to be open with its peculiarities, challenges and contradictions, waiting for new attempts for a better understanding of human social organization and contributing in this way for a more promising future.