Uso potencial de CCL2 e MIF no diagnóstico precoce de inflamação peri-implantar em pacientes desdentados parciais e totais

Abstract

Several clinical parameters are routinely used to assess the periimplantar health. But these parameters do not analyze the initial stages, which justifies the introduction of complementary methods in clinical evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary levels of two proinflammatory mediators in saliva (Monocytes Chemiotatic Protein 1 MCP-1 and Macrophage Migration Inibitory Factor MIF) and peri-implant inflammation. Ten periodontally healthy patients (Group I), ten partial edentulous patients with implants (Group II) and ten total edentulous patients rehabilitated with maxilla dentures and mandible overdentures (Group III) were included. Patients were classified into subgroups with mucositis according to criteria of probing depth, bleeding on probing and plaque index. Saliva was collected without stimulation and the levels of CCL2 and MIF were determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The values obtained were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square test and Spearman correlation, with 5% of significance level. Probing depth showed significant differences among all the evaluated groups (p<0.05). Group II and Group III had significant diference in the modified plaque index score (p<0.0001). Bleeding on probing showed no statistical difference between the groups. Mean levels of CCL2 were significantly higher in Group II when compared to Group I and Group III (p<0.05). MIF levels were significantly lower in samples of Group II when compared to Group I and Group III (p<0.05). Probing depth in Group III showed significant positive correlation with the levels of CCL2 and probing depth (r = 0.4462). Levels of CCL2 and MIF in saliva have a positive correlation with peri-implant inflammation, especially in edentulous patients. The persistence of the inflammatory process can raise levels of mediators and consequently lead to loss of the implant.