Administração oral das bactérias probióticas Lactobacillus spp. controla a translocação bacteriana e reduz a ileíte experimental induzida por Toxoplasma gondii em camundongos C57BL/6

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii infection in susceptible C57BL/6 mice induces a strong Th1 immune response causing intense inflammation and lesions in ileum in response to microbial antigens and if controlled causes death of animals. The Th1 immune response is similar to that in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn\'s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore find alternative treatments that have adjuvant effect of conventional treatments are of great interest. The use of probiotics is increasing due to several benefits found in inflammatory diseases. To verify the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactococcus lactis NCDO 2118 in C57BL/6 mice, we treat one day before and 7 days after oral infection with 30 cysts of the ME-49 strain. We found that L. casei- and L. acidophilus-treatment mice decreased intestinal parasitism reducing the pathology in small intestine of C57BL/6 mice and prevent death. In addition, the microbiological culture of organs shows L. casei- and L. acidophilus-treatment mice prevent bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen to organs such as liver, spleen, lung and blood, moreover the microbiological analysis of feces showed that there were fewer gram negative bacteria species in feces of probiotic treated mice. The NAG, MPO and EPO assay that are characteristic of macrophages, and eosinophils neutrophils respectively showed that there was a decrease in the activity of enzymes MPO and NAG and a small increase in activity and EPO. Finally, the qPCR analysis revealed that treatment with L. acidophilus decreased IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA induced by infection with T. gondii and L.casei treatment increased the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10. Our results demonstrate the ability of probiotics to control the inflammation response and reduce mortality caused by ileitis. However, further studies are needed to find out what the precise mechanisms that probiotics L. casei and L. acidophilus modulate the host immune response.