Avaliação de geotexteis no controle da erosão superficial a partir de uma estação experimental, Fazenda do Glória - MG

Abstract

This study had as objective to analyze the efficiency of geotextiles in the superficial erosion through monitoring and evaluation control at the experimental station on Fazenda do Gloria , Uberlândia - MG. The methodological procedures taken in the research accomplishment were: Survey and analysis of bibliographical and cartographic data; handmade confection of 40 geotextile (buriti mat); preparation of two plots measuring 10 m2 each and having 12º of declivity; application of seeds and fertilizers in the area, such as NPK, calcareous and vegetal cover; pluviometric index monitoring; photo comparison; tensiometry (120, 80, 30 and 15 cm in depth) and measurement of soil superficial humidity. The weight of sediments collected (2l) in the gallons, granulometry, amount of organic substance and pH was analyzed in the laboratory. There were two plots at the experimental station, bare ground and geotextile. They were monitored for 6 months and the collected data was always noted and compared. In the geotextile plot, superficial humidity was maintained, which was essential for seeds germination and proven in the experiment from the data of superficial humidity that had varied in the bare ground between 1,1 26.9%, while in the geotextile it had been between 3,5 34.1%. The highest superficial humidity index on the geotextile experiment was practically constant, since its application up to the vegetal covering development. The tensiometry data demonstrated the vegetation radicular system importance in the distribution and maintenance of water in the ground, the smallest pore pressure was detected in the depths of 15 and 30 cm in the geotextile plot, reaching-67,1 kPa. In the bare ground, the pore pressure was constant, not exceeding -27,7 kPa (15 cm), which demonstrated a more saturated ground, with rapid superficial flow formation. It had been registered 1,087 mm of rain during the monitoring process, causing a superficial draining of 2,991, 6 l in the bare ground, while in the system SG superficial flow came to 1,289, 2 l. In regards to the erosive process, the results pointed a significant difference in the containment of sediments in the plot having geotextile and grass reaching 13,18kg/10m2, while in the bared SOIL it came to 197,26Kg/10m2.