Instrumentos de planejamento e produção de habitação de interesse social em Uberaba - MG

Abstract

In Brazil, since 2003, with the creation of the Ministry of Cities, it has been observed a return to urban planning and its basic tools. It is in this context that this study is part, analyzing how the Master Plan and the Local Plan for Social Housing Uberaba (PLHIS) MG addressed the housing issue, the extent to which they are linked and what the potential of the same face to the principle of right to decent housing and therefore the city. The study bases its assumptions on the history of the Federal Constitution from 1988, which incorporated some of the demands presented by the national movement for urban reform. The work is flexible about the method and the disciplinary content within the Geography Science. As a geographer, it is included the variable space as an analytical resource, considering the location of the projects of social housing as a criterion for evaluation of housing policy as a mean of social inclusion. It is shown that the fundamentals of urban policy present in the Constitution of 1988 are closely related to the ideals of MNRU. The Plan has had new features, in particular the principle of conditioning of social function of urban property. The approval of the City Statute in 2011 was an important milestone because it ratified the new role of the Master Plan. In 2004, it was created the new national housing policy, recognizing the need for coordination between land policies, urban and social assistance. As an extension of PNH, it was created the national housing and the national social interest housing. It is necessary to emphasize that the creation of the Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) in 2009 represented a break with the line of action of the Ministry of Cities, which between 2003 and 2008, worked aiming to consolidate the institutional design expected by the PNH, especially SNHIS. The program MCMV has operated over a mercantile logic away from the premises of SNHIS. About the Master Plan from Uberaba, it was found that, at least formally, it has incorporated the principles of the Federal Constitution from 1988 and the Statute of the City. However, in practical terms, rather than an instrument of urban reform, it is an instrument of legitimizing practices speculative real estate capital, creating standards for use and occupation of land that perpetuate socioespacial segregation. The production of HIS, especially the MCMV showed that on new discourses it is possible to see old practices, since the model reproduces the former BNH. The main features of the recent developments of HIS are the location on the edges of the urban area, the concentration of many units in the same area and mass production and the homogenizing houses. A about the correlation between urban planning and housing from Uberaba and its level of convergence / divergence it was observed a missing link between land tenure, urban, social and housing policies. Regarding PLHIS, it presents very bold goals, built on ideal scenarios, which require an environment highly favorable in relation to credit.