Distribuição espacial da haneníase em Manaus no período de 1990 a 2009

Abstract

Leprosy is an infectious, transmissible, a chronic disease manifested mainly by skin lesions with decreased sensitivity to heat pain and tactile. The first cases of leprosy are described in 600 BC in India, but only knows its cause since 1873, when the Norwegian Gerhard Hansen identified the M. leprae as etiologic agent. In Brazil, the first cases were recorded in 1600 in Rio de Janeiro. However, the concern of the then Brazilian government with the disease began with D. John V - Colonial Brazil, and concerned only the segregation measures the patient, where, years later, it created the first military hospital, a place designed to accommodate patients of Lazarus or lepers. The Amazon of course must have received the leprosy of Para, where abundant in the early nineteenth century. Relations between Belém, Santarém and Manaus were intense at this time, given the development of trade. The city of Manaus is an example of a developed urban area in the middle of the forest that currently has an environmental price paid very high because of urban sprawl that has suffered over the past 20 years, the exclusionary model of urban development is the structuring of urban arrangements marked by a "mosaic" of landscapes and revealing of generating socio-spatial segregation. The aim of this work is the epidemiological profile of leprosy in Manaus, between the years 1990 to 2009. It is a retrospective, descriptive and quantitative analysis, performed from the secondary database Information System for Notifiable Diseases - SINAN the Leprosy Control Program of the Foundation Alfredo da Matta in the period 1990 to 2009 , covering all new leprosy cases diagnosed in Manaus. The profile of new cases of leprosy was characterized by individual males, aged 20 to 34 years, who developed the clinical tuberculoid paucibacillary and operational classification, grade 0 disability. The pattern of spatial distribution of the number of new cases of leprosy denotes the pattern of urban expansion in Manaus, in the 1990s showed the areas south and west as the area of highest incidence and from the 2000s began to concentrate cases disease in eastern and northern areas of recent expansion of the city. After all the analysis of the characteristics of new cases of leprosy in Manaus, we found that, even with the reduction in the number of cases and consequently, lower detection rates of new cases remains a complex maintainer of the spread of the disease in the city. Much has been done but much still has to do to achieve the rate recommended by the World Health Organization which is 1 case per 10,000 inhabitants.