Conservação da natureza e modulação do espaço: políticas ambientais de conservação e planejamento biorregional no Mosaico Sertão Veredas-Peruaçu

Abstract

A recent proposal of brazilian environmental policy is the creation and recognition of Mosaics of Protected Areas, regulated by the National System of Nature Preservation Unities - SNUC in 2002. The legal regulation led to the recognition of several mosaics in Brazil, among them the Mosaic Sertão Veredas- Peruaçu-MSVP, located in the North of Minas Gerais and South of Bahia, an object under analysis in this thesis. Along with the idea of Mosaics we also formulated the proposal of Territorial Development Plans of Conservationist Base - DTBC Plan, which involves, at the same time, planning strategies, management and development from the perspective of environmental conservation. It\'s of a great importance that the proposal of Mosaics and their DTBC Plans indicate alternatives to integrate the conservation territories to regional sustainable development strategies, without ignoring, however, the initial objectives for which these territories have been created and, mostly, think this integration having as a based the conservationist logic, in other words, the use of resources in a way that it\'s possible to ensure its sustainability. With this in mind, the objective of this thesis is understanding the historical background - MSVP territorial, as well as, its spatial and environmental strategies and the underlying elements to the production of a bioregional building. So it could be possible, we appealed to the analyzes of the planning strategies, management and development axes (the integrated management, the extraction on sustainable bases and ecocultural tourism) of DTBC Plan. We didn\'t seek the understanding of the MSVP itself, but the underlying processes to their historical formation and the consequences of empiric actions through the DTBC Plan. We unveiled the clashes, the resizing of space through environmental conservation policies, besides highlighting the new imposed contents and the new space cuttings produced, pointing out the elements which form the architecture of a bioregional building. We\'ve analyzed the development axes (of the integrated management, of extractivism in sustainable bases and the ecocultural tourism), the social subjects involved, the part of Non-Governmental Organizations - ONGs, the territorial strategies and conflicts involved in this process. The methodology of this work was based on analysis of technical sources, official and academic through Instrumental Discourse Analysis. The empirical material from the interviews and participation in meetings of the Advisory Board of the MSVP complements the document analysis. In the end, we showed that the recognition of the MSVP, as an instrument of mediation between development and conservation strategies, aim breaking with the idea that the nature conservation acts as antithesis to development policies. The mosaics and their planning tools seek to engage the UCs and nature conservation in local and regional development policies. Achieving this goal, however, requires the distribution of power, the decentralization of actions and a participatory management, enterprises that exceed the capacity of the ONGs (such as the Funatura, an ONG responsible for the MSVP project), and which highlights the need for the State in conducting structural development policies. In other words, with the MSVP it\'s possible to recognize both planning and management strategies for the bioregion, but also the history behind its production. As we introduce this backward look over the history of conservation in the bioregion of the MSVP, it became evident that the conservation process is the spatial distribution of a set of rules, and, above all, it\'s the political management of the geographical space, in which compete many interests and interested people.