A geografia das experiências sociais e o lugar visto de "baixo": o protagonismo cultural dos sujeitos da reforma agrária em Ituiutaba - MG - 1998-2015

Abstract

The doctoral thesis developed here aims to analyze the culture and livelihoods of families living in five rural settlements, which are located in the city of Ituiutaba-MG. Interviews and field observations make up the main guidance sources of theoretical and empirical work, and the theoretical and methodological choice was oriented towards the development of an alternative way of cultural studies, I spent the name of Geography of Social Experiences. This alternative was dynamically built from the dialogue established with the ideas of some authors of English Social History, whose line of analysis is situated in a Marxist cultural approach. This approach differs substantially from that contained in the new cultural geography and also in the design of this Marxist analysis in agrarian geography, since as regards the way to understand and explain the social conceptual production of both strands tend to neglect some aspects Theoretical and empirical that are essential to the study of reality experienced by the subjects agrarian reform settlers. While the first geographical component separates the social aspect of cultural studies, land line tends to negate or reduce the cultural aspects of the superstructure, valuing only the economic factors, political and productive rural reality, own infrastructure. Thus, the Geography of Social Experiences directs other looks at the reality of the settlements, specifically over the place, valuing the disputes and interests between social classes and the heterogeneity contained in the class that settled families integrate. From this angle, the trajectory of struggle and conquest of the land are part of the history and organization of relations contained in place, with the last in a dynamic correlation with the situations experienced in the present. In this sense, the Geography of Social Experiences becomes a necessary support for thinking the place, as this will be seen from the \"low\" those people \"common\", of which effectively articulate, negotiate and produce policy under the conditions available, which generally relate to the limits and the possibilities contained in place. In each of the interviews transcription stretch it is possible to understand how the actions of individuals settlers are linked to the social context where they live, so that life in the settlement is connected by social experiences in the past, specifically at the time of struggle for land, and at present, built from the relationships of the post, where organize and articulate relations with other places in the city and countryside. Therefore, in this work, class relations, hegemonic and counter-hegemonic actions appear as strategic elements in the reproduction of livelihoods, and the social experience is possible to analyze and understand the dynamics of conflict and solidarity that is established in the place from the settlements, where the subject of agrarian reform relate to the world.