Dispersão urbana e instrumentos de gestão: dilemas do poder local e da sociedade em Palmas/TO

Abstract

The urban expansion phenomenon seen from an economic development point of view, linked to its disorganized and dispersed growth, is found into Brazil cities reality. This paper investigated these phenomenon relations under the economic, social, environmental, legal and political points of view, understanding the importance of this subject under the sustainable cities perspective, and it came up with strategies that can become innovative solution to Palmas and to its expansion control, in the light of nationals and local plans, when urban development is concerned. This study was formulated once was noticed that the urban dispersion phenomenon has been installed in Palmas and the housing market keeps expanding the urban perimeter of the city. This work aim to analyze the consequences of this phenomenon in the theoretical and practical fields, created when a new urban order was recognized in our country. It will be done under the contemporary constitutionalism and from the standpoint of territorial ordering laws and rules, in the effort to criticize the current way of managing the public tools democratically. This paper was justified due to its contribution in the sustainable urbanization implementing analysis, for discussing critically the uses of participatory management and the other propositions presented, which were extracted from a historical perspective based on the original plan of Palmas city, participative discussion about the subject and from actions accomplished by the daily praxis, in an effort to reinforce the importance of a healthy discussion when disputing a territory, attempting to reduce the need of law in this kind of issues. This study focused in the possible sustainability of Palmas, in contradiction to the territorial cohesion showed by the disordered urban growth, although its urban planning was based on traditional models. The applied methodology consisted into a continuous feedback among all the concepts related to the urban concepts and Palmas territorial discussions empiric observations, introducing them into the idea of a possible new reality for the city. Concluding, it was noticed that for economic and political reasons, the managers do not take control on the expansion of the city. All the discussions about the Master Plan of cities, usually end in disagreement and go straight to the judicial system, letting clear how fragile the management is when trying to using its tools. It is noticeable the lack of technical preparation and the absence of a right environment when looking to overcome the conflicts among those who are interested in make sure they will have their land slice into the urban space. As a result, this study showed that the strategies used unidirectional effort and wide local discussion about the phenomenon were considered of first order to avoid the political impositions of a disordered growth of the city. The paper presented proposals, considering the particularities of the present and the legacy from the past, indicating possibilities for a new urbanization reality in Palmas.