Estudo de potência reativa, tensão, contingência e perdas em empresas de energia elétrica localizadas na Grande São Paulo

Abstract

In the middle of the 20 20th th century the Brazilian electrical energy sector experienced a rapid growth, since that occasion the problem of voltage control in the transmission and distribution systems grabbed the attention of energy authorities, electrical sector offices and high voltage consumers. With the limitation of reactive power in transmission lines this started to be the reason of difficulties in the system operation at the same pace of the increase of loads and system voltage level along the system. The present work shows the theoretical study of the synchronous machines at the Pedreira pumping/generating station as synchronous compensators, the station is located at the heart of a huge consumer center (São Paulo and adjacencies). The use of these machines as synchronous compensators has the primary objective to improve the voltage levels in the station surroundings. Operative configurations were considered to allow the generation of reactive power at the Pedreira pumping/generating station for the system improvement. The research show the following factors of improvement in the area: increase in voltage levels; reduction of electrical losses; decrease in flux of reactive power in the system (transmission lines and transformers); decrease in active power generation for the supply of loads in the area; decrease in reactive power generated by other nearby synchronous compensators; and increase in system reliability during contingencies. Finally a comparison of system avoided costs is made, with the only change being the system operating philosophy, without investment costs in reactive power compensation equipment.