Implicações da adoção de processos construtivos tradicionais na produção de habitações de interesse social em larga escala

Abstract

In the mid-sixties there was a boom in civil construction and at that moment it was possible to observe a considerable increase in the activities in this area. Similarly, we currently witness an important period in civil construction in Brazil, in which a great amount of investment was made by the Federal Government, allowing the construction of large-scale in all the national territory, principally of the Social Interest Dwellings (SID). This overview demonstrated that the constructive methods have to be developed for the completion of the chronograms, the improving of the quality and the reduction of environmental impact. However, as well as in previous decades, great part of the systems adopted in Brazil still refer to traditional construction processes and, according to what was determined by CAIXA, they are called conventional processes, that is, performed with constructive systems that have already been regulated. In the Triangulo Mineiro region is not different, great part of the constructions of the SID refer to the conventional way, executed with structures and foundations in reinforced concrete, ceramic blocks of masonry sealing, mortared coating in a single layer and wood covering structures with ceramic tiles. The point is that the conventional systems normally have a series of deficiencies related to the conception of the product, the insufficient project detailing and the enormous dependency on the knowledge of the labor execution workers. The pattern establishing is clearly difficult, together with the high level of labor using and the consequent low level of mechanization; the bad quality of some materials, principally the ones resulted from the direct nature extraction; and mostly, the incomplete projects and the inexistence of planning, do not permit the civil construction to be executed, practically speaking, in a rational way. Therefore, the reason why so many companies that construct the SID choose the traditional processes is questioned, even knowing that it is necessary to reach a more sustainable production in terms of the environment, increase the quality and the productivity in construction. This way, it is necessary to turn the attention to the improvement of quality and the rising of the industrialization level of the traditional constructive processes, which still represent a great part of the market, as well as the search of implementation of non-conventional constructive processes. Due to this demand, this work presents the analysis of the implications of adopting such processes in the execution of the SID in large scale, through the analysis of projects, procedures and losses in the productive process of a one-story-dwellings enterprise, executed in the city of Uberlandia, aiming the rationalization to obtain better results in quality and less generation of waste.