Concepções ideológicas e epistemológicas das ciências naturais que os roteiros práticos significam em uma coleção de livros didáticos de biologia

Abstract

This research discusses the practical work using practice lesson guides. Historically in Brazil, the practical scripts were written to guide teachers and students in the sense of being experiencing the same scientific work doing by scientists, one of the most common ways to apply the practical work in the classroom today. Because of these historical and social value to the disciplines of natural sciences, the practical scripts are steeped in ideas that influence an image of science that can be correct or warped, positioning the place of practical work in these disciplines as well as authors, teachers and students in \"doing\" and \"thinking\" about Science. To understand the concepts conveyed in practical scripts, this work aimed to investigate the ideological and epistemological conceptions of Natural Sciences that are in practical lesson guides in a collection of Biology textbooks. For this, we analyzed 25 science practical scripts of Biology Today textbook, through bibliographical research and analytic treatment, inspired in the Discourse Analysis. From varied and specific readings, we made notes, analysis of solutions and integrating synthesis which are the stages of the design of the literature. And for the analytic treatment of the practical scripts, we transformed the text into speech and presenting an overview of that configuration, language and type of science lesson guide and practical work that the collection of textbook presents the audience. After this process we have reached the place of the practical work and practical scripts in the textbook until we get to the ideological and epistemological conceptions. Through analysis, we believe that the practical scripts and practical work published by the collection are traditional because they focus on proving the theory, the development of technical/hands on skills, enhancing the sensory observation, empiricism-inductive and mathematization for through the ideological value of scientifically proven, putting on experimentation of sciences and sense organs, especially on vision, as the pickups of the truths to be revealed. In addition, the practical scripts, use the language of injunctive sequence whose function is to control \"take action\" of audience-student and audience-teacher, through commands ordering allows prohibits and warns, showing what they may or may not, should or should not do, determining the place of the audience and the speakers. Thus, the speakers are masters because they are those who know how to be producers of speech. The hearing teacher are those who have the expertise, but do not produce the speech, its function is to perform the dangerous tasks of practical scripts, tutoring the audience-students, who are those who do not know, therefore, They must be safeguarded and protected.