O trabalho infanto-juvenil rural em goiás: os estudos de caso nas atividades do tomate e de carvoaria

Abstract

This document develops na study about the precocious work of children and teenagers in activities like tomatoes harvest and charcoal kiln in some little town s from Goiás, with incidence of these activities, towns which had been served with social programs, including PETI from the federal government. In the beginning of the 20th century, the international organization of work were created, and it comes to do na important job in relation to the normalization of the subject in evidence. Brazil, through the rectification of the international convention and the legislation from our native country, develops the politics of eradication of work and delimit a minimum age for work, besides that it restricts the kinds of work to be developed and principally it creates the possibilities of learning (formal and informal) with the intention to reduce the impact about the education, health and security of children and teenagers, with the proposal to offer the improvement of the human life condition. The research tries to comprehend the process of the politics construction that motivates the recognition of the children and teenager s work like a social problem, much more social, cultural, economic than biological or a chronological age in question. Some information were extremely important for the combination of some techniques: a document research, na oral history and the biographic research. The utilization of children s hand labor and also teenagers in the world of agriculture job in Goiás it s mark for violence and exploration. For exactly 110 years, the first step were given to protect the children workers. It was the way founded to reduce the exploration of Afro-American children and teenagers, whose parents were released for area low three years before; but even this way these children, including the indians and poor where socialized for the job and the physical penalty. After one century, in a smaller scale, the exploration of children and teenagers still exist. In different historical periods, the society come up with ideology to become the children s work socially acceptable and in this social and economic construction, the work appears like a principal way of professional information and discipline, with the intention of getting them out of the marginality. Children and teenagers incorporate precociously the productive work, making sure your physical survival, increasing the familiar lacework, contributing in a satisfatory way of the mono politics interesting of production ways from the market control. The miserability is a big incentive for the exploration of children s work. The payment is reduced and the work rights don t exist, obviously for the simple fact taht give work for children under 14 years old is ilegal. It Isn t rare the case in with the exploration of children s work almost become a slave work. It s obvious that, the way of the society face the children s work is getting better in the last 110 years. The rules became more rigid and the society finally started to comprehend that the precocious work seems like a criminal assault against the children s future. However, we have some evidence that in the 21st century starts with the exploration still deeprooted in the country. It s obvious that children s place it at scholl , and this become a consistent practice of one politic, not only compensatory but in a truly structural politic practice.