Vantagens comparativas, especialização comercial e recursos naturais em países selecionados (1980-2012)

Abstract

This thesis proposes to study the role of trade specialization of the countries on Natural Resources in order to (i) investigate the changes in the nature of trade in products based on NR and whether they refer to new markets, new segments and new arrangements of productive structures in the context of traditional trade and trade in added value. Also, (ii) to evaluate the impacts of the patterns of specialization based on natural resources in economic growth rates of selected countries in the period of 1980-2012. Therefore, the engaged methodology was the calculus of the revealed comparative advantage (traditional VCR) and revealed comparative advantage in trade in value added (VCR added value), cluster analysis and analysis of the breakdown of exports (TiVA). For the analysis of the trajectories of economic growth of countries whose expertise is concentrated in natural resources the VAR modeling was used. The results suggest that the majority of the export profiles of countries specialized in natural resources have changed very little since the 1980s. The restricted membership of the industry based on natural resources in the network (global) production confirmed marginal changes in the nature of trade in primary goods even those products whose statistics showed a greater weight in international trade flows - primary goods with some degree of processing. From the point of view of economic growth, there is a positive contribution of VCRs in economic growth for most countries, except Brazil (negative effect) and Australia and Chile (neutral effect). However, it is worth remembering that this is a marginal contribution on the macroeconomic dynamics surrounding the economies.