Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiologia e resistência a antimicrobianos em Hospital Universitário do sudeste do Brasil

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative bacillus with cosmopolitan distribution. Considered opportunistic pathogen, rarely causes disease in healthy persons. Has naturals and acquireds mechanisms of resistance, doing the clinical handling to be hard. The resistance of multiple drugs have been related in several studies becoming a problem in the hospitals. The proposal of this study was to know the epidemiology of occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of clinical samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a teaching hospital in the countryside of Brazil.Treated from the retrospective analytic observation study, with cases series, P.aeruginosas were studied from the several sites from patients hospitalized in the Clinical Hospital from the Uberlandia`s University Federal (HC-UFU) between 01 April 2010 and March 2011. Positive cultures and patients related to them were identified by searching records of the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Uberlândia. Patient data were obtained from medical records and from the hospital system, \"Hospital Information Service\". It was considered only the first strain from the each patient. The last strain from the patients who isolated more than one strain was used to evaluate the resistance development, even in different sites. Used to statistical analysis the X squared test, calculated in Epi Info program version 3.5.2 and was considered p value of less than 0.05 like statistically significant. 251 patients were assessed. Mean age was 40 years old, male sex prevailed (67.7%). The most common sites were respiratory tract (70; 27.7%), blood/vascular catheter (55; 22.0%) and urine (54; 21.5%). One hundred and twenty (47.8%) patients died, 128 (51.0%) were discharged, two (0.8%) were transferred to another hospital and one (0.4%) was chronically hospitalized until the end of study. Eighty-one (32.2%) patients had more than one positive culture. Except for colistin (sensitivity 100.0%), amikacin was the antibiotic with a higher sensitivity percentage (86.1%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium mainly isolated in the airway, blood/vascular catheter and urine, especially in patients hospitalized for a long time. Almost half of the patients progressed to death. In the hospital studied, there was no colistin-resistant strain, but there were strains exclusively sensitive to this antimicrobial. Other strains were mainly sensitive to amikacin.