Associação entre o uso de antimicrobianos, estadio anátomo-patológico e infecção de sítio cirúrgico após apendicectomia

Abstract

Most intra-abdominal infections such as acute appendicitis require surgical intervention. The use of antimicrobials, however, is essential in the treatment complementation and reduction of surgical site infection (SSI). The present study aims to make a critical analysis of the use of antimicrobials use, anatomopathological stage and surgical site infection after appendectomy. It were analyzed the demographic data, antimicrobial scheme chosen, the beginning of antimicrobial, usage time and evolution as the SSI associated with the anatomopathological stage of resected appendices. 233 patients were evaluated between 14 years and 78 years with male predominance (135 / 57.94%) and in the third decade of life (72 / 30.90%). In 139 patients (59.65%) surgical time was up to two hours with a predominance of Phlegmonous Acute Appendicitis (91 / 39.05%) and Necrotizing Acute Appendicitis (88 / 37.76%). The antimicrobial scheme most used was a combination of Ampicillin/Sulbactam totalizing 127 (54.50%) patients. Most patients had the start of the antimicrobial scheme in anesthetic induction (212 /90.94%). Regarding the usage time of antimicrobials, the prevalence was of less than 24 hours of use (122 / 52.36%) and 16 (6.87%) presented SSI. Based on the anatomopathological classification on nonnecrotic appendices, 145 (62.23%) patients should have used a single antimicrobial dose or at maximum for 24 hours. Of patients with non-necrotic appendix, only 60 (41.37%) used one dose; 15 (10.34%) used 2 to 4 doses and 70 (48.29%) used more than four doses of antimicrobial. In 16 (6.87%) patients considered with normal appendix were used more than four doses of antimicrobials. In the analysis of the SIRI SSI in perspective, no patient presented with SIRI 0 SSI (4 / 5.79%) patients presented with an SIRI SSI (9 / 5.88%) patients had 2 SIRI SSI and (1 / 12.5) 3 SIRI SSI presented. Based on anatomopathological association (necrotic and non-necrotic) of resected appendices for clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis and the use of antimicrobials, we can conclude: there was unnecessary use of more than one dose of antimicrobials in patients with uncomplicated appendicitis.