Análise das alterações de tendões calcaneares e dos efeitos da dieta hiperlipídica associada ao exercício natatório

Abstract

Currently obesity is a worldwide public health problem, characterized by excess body fat. It is known that obesity can cause musculoskeletal abnormalities that can negatively influence the tendons. The achilles tendon, tougher human body has a function to transmit power generated in the muscle to bone. Besides being influenced by the overweight, the tendon also has the ability to respond to physical exercise. This study aimed to observe morphological and biochemical changes in calcaneal tendon of mice subjected to a high-fat diet and exercise. Adults Swiss mice were used (n = 36), were divided into 4 groups: 1- sedentary normal diet (ND), 2- Normal diet and swimming (DNEX), 3- sedentary fat diet (DH) 4- fat diet and swimming (DHex). The diet was started from the 8th. week of life and training from the 15th. week, it is held for 8 consecutive weeks in aquarium with fixed dimensions. In order to verify that the high fat diet caused an overweight, food consumption, body weight and the weight of visceral adipose tissue were followed over these eight weeks .The calcaneal tendons were removed and for routine histological techniques and analyzes Biochemical. Cuts with 7 mm thick were stained with HE, Picrosirius and Von Kossa and later analyzed in ordinary light microscope. For biochemical analysis, the determination of proteins was performed by the Bradford method. The DH group had higher values of body weight and visceral adiposity, showing that high fat diet fed to animals was efficient. However, DHex group was observed a reduction of these values, indicating that physical activity has reversed these values. Morphological analysis showed no statistical differences in the number of fibroblasts in both groups. However, the exercise groups showed higher amounts of collagen and non-collagenous proteins. It was also observed the presence of calcifications in the tendons of mice fat diet group without exercise.