Projetos brasileiros de aterro sanitário no mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo: uma análise dos indicadores de sustentabilidade

Abstract

Discussions about global warming led among others initiatives, an international treaty called Kyoto Protocol. The Brazilian participation goes through projects in CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) that contains, as a target, the reduction of gas emissions that cause greenhouse effect, besides the promotion of sustainable development. The approved projects have the rights to negotiate their reductions on the market of carbon credit. At this context this paper is introduced. The general objective was the verification if the Brazilian s landfill projects submitted and approved by the responsible committee could be defined as sustainable according to their data, analyzing the environmental, social and economic indicators. To achieve this goal the basis of socio-environmental management were defined, the Kyoto Protocol and CDM were knew, the idea of sustainable development and sustainability were contextualized, as well as, the more relevant indicators of sustainability, national and international, were selected in agreement with the tripod of sustainability proposed by Elkington (1997). The method of procedure that guided the study was the analysis of classical content (Bauer, 2002), it being a qualitative descriptive study. It was analyzed 26 landfill projects approved by the committee according to two criteria: the first was guided by Van Bellen (2002) and IBGE (2004) - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - and it was the result combination of Dashboard of Sustainability and IBGE s indicators of sustainability. On these first criteria the evidences don t prove the sustainability comparing the project data and the indicators selected. The second assessment was done considering the criteria from Resolution nº 1 of September 11, 2003 of Climate Global Changing Committee, in order to verify the projects contribution for the sustainable development. Even with additional criticism, it can t highlight part from the documents that proves the effective sustainability. This paper presents the whole Brazilian s landfill projects approved until June 5, 2008 and it concludes that the economic approach prevails on the environmental and social approach, it being clear that the projects only exist because of the economic viability.