A dialética da violência e as perspectivas de descolonização em Frantz Fanon

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis examines the centrality of violence in Frantz Fanon’s thought, understanding it not as a contingent element but as the organizing principle of the colonial world and, at the same time, as the historical condition of decolonization. Drawing primarily on The Wretched of the Earth and in dialogue with Black Skin, White Masks, the study investigates how colonialism is sustained through a regime of coercion that partitions space, regulates social relations, and produces racialized subjectivities, confining the colonized to what Fanon calls the “zone of nonbeing.” Within this framework, colonial violence cannot be reduced to economic exploitation or juridical domination alone; it is inscribed in the body, language, and psychic life, structuring a historically determined process of alienation. The thesis aims to reassess Fanon’s proposal of a dialectic of violence by articulating colonial alienation, the emergence of counter-violence, and its transformation into revolutionary praxis oriented toward the creation of a new humanism. Methodologically, the research is based on structural reading and systematic note-taking of Fanon’s major works, alongside theoretical dialogues with Albert Memmi, Achille Mbembe, Neusa Santos Souza, Deivison Mendes Faustino, Renato Noguera, and the tradition of recognition in Hegel, in order to clarify the structural blockage of reciprocal recognition in the colonial context and its persistence in contemporary societies, expressed through structural racism and death politics. The study concludes that, for Fanon, decolonization is not merely an institutional transition or an exchange of elites, but an ontological and historical transformation through which subjects previously reduced to inessentiality become protagonists of their own liberation, thereby establishing the unfinished task of an insurgent, non-Eurocentric humanism.